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lavfi: add Perlin noise generator

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Signed-off-by: Paul B Mahol <onemda@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Stefano Sabatini 2024-05-27 11:19:08 +02:00 committed by Paul B Mahol
parent fbab7a9694
commit 217138068c
7 changed files with 597 additions and 0 deletions
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1
Changelog
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@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ version <next>:
- QOA encoder and muxer
- xHE-AAC decoder
- removed DEC Alpha DSP and support code
- perlin video source filter
version 7.0:
- DXV DXT1 encoder

100
doc/filters.texi
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@ -17420,6 +17420,9 @@ The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current
value.
@anchor{lutrgb}
@anchor{lutyuv}
@anchor{lut}
@section lut, lutrgb, lutyuv
Compute a look-up table for binding each pixel component input value
@ -29167,6 +29170,103 @@ __kernel void sierpinski_carpet(__write_only image2d_t dst,
@end itemize
@section perlin
Generate Perlin noise.
Perlin noise is a kind of noise with local continuity in space. This
can be used to generate patterns with continuity in space and time,
e.g. to simulate smoke, fluids, or terrain.
In case more than one octave is specified through the @option{octaves}
option, Perlin noise is generated as a sum of components, each one
with doubled frequency. In this case the @option{persistence} option
specify the ratio of the amplitude with respect to the previous
component. More octave components enable to specify more high
frequency details in the generated noise (e.g. small size variations
due to boulders in a generated terrain).
@subsection Options
@table @option
@item size, s
Specify the size (width and height) of the buffered video frames. For the
syntax of this option, check the
@ref{video size syntax,,"Video size" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual,ffmpeg-utils}.
@item rate, r
Specify the frame rate expected for the video stream, expressed as a
number of frames per second.
@item octaves
Specify the total number of components making up the noise, each one
with doubled frequency.
@item persistence
Set the ratio used to compute the amplitude of the next octave
component with respect to the previous component amplitude.
@item xscale
@item yscale
Define a scale factor used to multiple the x, y coordinates. This can
be useful to define an effect with a pattern stretched along the x or
y axis.
@item tscale
Define a scale factor used to multiple the time coordinate. This can
be useful to change the time variation speed.
@item random_mode
Set random mode used to compute initial pattern.
Supported values are:
@table @option
@item random
Compute and use random seed.
@item ken
Use the predefined initial pattern defined by Ken Perlin in the
original article, can be useful to compare the output with other
sources.
@item seed
Use the value specified by @option{random_seed} option.
@end table
@item random_seed, seed
When @option{random_mode} is set to @var{random_seed}, use this value
to compute the initial pattern.
@end table
@subsection Examples
@itemize
@item
Generate single component:
@example
perlin
@end example
@item
Use Perlin noise with 7 components, each one with a halved contribution
to total amplitude:
@example
perlin=octaves=7:persistence=0.5
@end example
@item
Chain Perlin noise with the @ref{lutyuv} to generate a black&white
effect:
@example
perlin=octaves=3:tscale=0.3,lutyuv=y='if(lt(val\,128)\,255\,0)'
@end example
@item
Stretch noise along the y axis, and convert gray level to red-only
signal:
@example
perlin=octaves=7:tscale=0.4:yscale=0.3,lutrgb=r=val:b=0:g=0
@end example
@end itemize
@section sierpinski
Generate a Sierpinski carpet/triangle fractal, and randomly pan around.

1
libavfilter/Makefile
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@ -619,6 +619,7 @@ OBJS-$(CONFIG_NULLSRC_FILTER) += vsrc_testsrc.o
OBJS-$(CONFIG_OPENCLSRC_FILTER) += vf_program_opencl.o opencl.o
OBJS-$(CONFIG_PAL75BARS_FILTER) += vsrc_testsrc.o
OBJS-$(CONFIG_PAL100BARS_FILTER) += vsrc_testsrc.o
OBJS-$(CONFIG_PERLIN_FILTER) += vsrc_perlin.o perlin.o
OBJS-$(CONFIG_RGBTESTSRC_FILTER) += vsrc_testsrc.o
OBJS-$(CONFIG_SIERPINSKI_FILTER) += vsrc_sierpinski.o
OBJS-$(CONFIG_SMPTEBARS_FILTER) += vsrc_testsrc.o

1
libavfilter/allfilters.c
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@ -583,6 +583,7 @@ extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_nullsrc;
extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_openclsrc;
extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_pal75bars;
extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_pal100bars;
extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_perlin;
extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_rgbtestsrc;
extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_sierpinski;
extern const AVFilter ff_vsrc_smptebars;

224
libavfilter/perlin.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
/*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*/
/**
* @file
* Perlin Noise generator, based on code from:
* https://adrianb.io/2014/08/09/perlinnoise.html
*
* Original article from Ken Perlin:
* http://mrl.nyu.edu/~perlin/paper445.pdf
*/
#include <math.h>
#include "libavutil/lfg.h"
#include "libavutil/random_seed.h"
#include "perlin.h"
static inline int inc(int num, int period)
{
num++;
if (period > 0)
num %= period;
return num;
}
static inline double grad(int hash, double x, double y, double z)
{
// Take the hashed value and take the first 4 bits of it (15 == 0b1111)
int h = hash & 15;
// If the most significant bit (MSB) of the hash is 0 then set u = x. Otherwise y.
double u = h < 8 /* 0b1000 */ ? x : y;
double v;
// In Ken Perlin's original implementation this was another
// conditional operator (?:), then expanded for readability.
if (h < 4 /* 0b0100 */)
// If the first and second significant bits are 0 set v = y
v = y;
// If the first and second significant bits are 1 set v = x
else if (h == 12 /* 0b1100 */ || h == 14 /* 0b1110 */)
v = x;
else
// If the first and second significant bits are not equal (0/1, 1/0) set v = z
v = z;
// Use the last 2 bits to decide if u and v are positive or negative. Then return their addition.
return ((h&1) == 0 ? u : -u)+((h&2) == 0 ? v : -v);
}
static inline double fade(double t)
{
// Fade function as defined by Ken Perlin. This eases coordinate values
// so that they will "ease" towards integral values. This ends up smoothing
// the final output.
// use Horner method to compute: 6t^5 - 15t^4 + 10t^3
return t * t * t * (t * (t * 6 - 15) + 10);
}
static double lerp(double a, double b, double x)
{
return a + x * (b - a);
}
// Hash lookup table as defined by Ken Perlin. This is a randomly
// arranged array of all numbers from 0-255 inclusive.
static uint8_t ken_permutations[] = {
151, 160, 137, 91, 90, 15, 131, 13, 201, 95, 96, 53, 194, 233, 7, 225,
140, 36, 103, 30, 69, 142, 8, 99, 37, 240, 21, 10, 23, 190, 6, 148,
247, 120, 234, 75, 0, 26, 197, 62, 94, 252, 219, 203, 117, 35, 11, 32,
57, 177, 33, 88, 237, 149, 56, 87, 174, 20, 125, 136, 171, 168, 68, 175,
74, 165, 71, 134, 139, 48, 27, 166, 77, 146, 158, 231, 83, 111, 229, 122,
60, 211, 133, 230, 220, 105, 92, 41, 55, 46, 245, 40, 244, 102, 143, 54,
65, 25, 63, 161, 1, 216, 80, 73, 209, 76, 132, 187, 208, 89, 18, 169,
200, 196, 135, 130, 116, 188, 159, 86, 164, 100, 109, 198, 173, 186, 3, 64,
52, 217, 226, 250, 124, 123, 5, 202, 38, 147, 118, 126, 255, 82, 85, 212,
207, 206, 59, 227, 47, 16, 58, 17, 182, 189, 28, 42, 223, 183, 170, 213,
119, 248, 152, 2, 44, 154, 163, 70, 221, 153, 101, 155, 167, 43, 172, 9,
129, 22, 39, 253, 19, 98, 108, 110, 79, 113, 224, 232, 178, 185, 112, 104,
218, 246, 97, 228, 251, 34, 242, 193, 238, 210, 144, 12, 191, 179, 162, 241,
81, 51, 145, 235, 249, 14, 239, 107, 49, 192, 214, 31, 181, 199, 106, 157,
184, 84, 204, 176, 115, 121, 50, 45, 127, 4, 150, 254, 138, 236, 205, 93,
222, 114, 67, 29, 24, 72, 243, 141, 128, 195, 78, 66, 215, 61, 156, 180
};
int ff_perlin_init(FFPerlin *perlin, double period, int octaves, double persistence,
enum FFPerlinRandomMode random_mode, unsigned int random_seed)
{
int i;
perlin->period = period;
perlin->octaves = octaves;
perlin->persistence = persistence;
perlin->random_mode = random_mode;
perlin->random_seed = random_seed;
if (perlin->random_mode == FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_KEN) {
for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) {
perlin->permutations[i] = ken_permutations[i % 256];
}
} else {
AVLFG lfg;
uint8_t random_permutations[256];
if (perlin->random_mode == FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_RANDOM)
perlin->random_seed = av_get_random_seed();
av_lfg_init(&lfg, perlin->random_seed);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
random_permutations[i] = i;
}
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
unsigned int random_idx = av_lfg_get(&lfg) % (256-i);
uint8_t random_val = random_permutations[random_idx];
random_permutations[random_idx] = random_permutations[256-i];
perlin->permutations[i] = perlin->permutations[i+256] = random_val;
}
}
return 0;
}
static double perlin_get(FFPerlin *perlin, double x, double y, double z)
{
int xi, yi, zi;
double xf, yf, zf;
double u, v, w;
const uint8_t *p = perlin->permutations;
double period = perlin->period;
int aaa, aba, aab, abb, baa, bba, bab, bbb;
double x1, x2, y1, y2;
if (perlin->period > 0) {
// If we have any period on, change the coordinates to their "local" repetitions
x = fmod(x, perlin->period);
y = fmod(y, perlin->period);
z = fmod(z, perlin->period);
}
// Calculate the "unit cube" that the point asked will be located in
// The left bound is ( |_x_|,|_y_|,|_z_| ) and the right bound is that
// plus 1. Next we calculate the location (from 0.0 to 1.0) in that cube.
xi = (int)x & 255;
yi = (int)y & 255;
zi = (int)z & 255;
xf = x - (int)x;
yf = y - (int)y;
zf = z - (int)z;
// We also fade the location to smooth the result.
u = fade(xf);
v = fade(yf);
w = fade(zf);
aaa = p[p[p[ xi ] + yi ] + zi ];
aba = p[p[p[ xi ] + inc(yi, period)] + zi ];
aab = p[p[p[ xi ] + yi ] + inc(zi, period)];
abb = p[p[p[ xi ] + inc(yi, period)] + inc(zi, period)];
baa = p[p[p[inc(xi, period)] + yi ] + zi ];
bba = p[p[p[inc(xi, period)] + inc(yi, period)] + zi ];
bab = p[p[p[inc(xi, period)] + yi ] + inc(zi, period)];
bbb = p[p[p[inc(xi, period)] + inc(yi, period)] + inc(zi, period)];
// The gradient function calculates the dot product between a pseudorandom
// gradient vector and the vector from the input coordinate to the 8
// surrounding points in its unit cube.
// This is all then lerped together as a sort of weighted average based on the faded (u,v,w)
// values we made earlier.
x1 = lerp(grad(aaa, xf , yf , zf),
grad(baa, xf-1, yf , zf),
u);
x2 = lerp(grad(aba, xf , yf-1, zf),
grad(bba, xf-1, yf-1, zf),
u);
y1 = lerp(x1, x2, v);
x1 = lerp(grad(aab, xf , yf , zf-1),
grad(bab, xf-1, yf , zf-1),
u);
x2 = lerp(grad(abb, xf , yf-1, zf-1),
grad(bbb, xf-1, yf-1, zf-1),
u);
y2 = lerp(x1, x2, v);
// For convenience we bound it to 0 - 1 (theoretical min/max before is -1 - 1)
return (lerp(y1, y2, w) + 1) / 2;
}
double ff_perlin_get(FFPerlin *perlin, double x, double y, double z)
{
double total = 0;
double frequency = 1;
double amplitude = 1;
double max_value = 0; // Used for normalizing result to 0.0 - 1.0
for (int i = 0; i < perlin->octaves; i++) {
total += perlin_get(perlin, x * frequency, y * frequency, z * frequency) * amplitude;
max_value += amplitude;
amplitude *= perlin->persistence;
frequency *= 2;
}
return total / max_value;
}

101
libavfilter/perlin.h Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
/*
* Perlin noise generator
*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
/**
* @file
* Perlin Noise generator
*/
#ifndef AVFILTER_PERLIN_H
#define AVFILTER_PERLIN_H
#include <stdint.h>
enum FFPerlinRandomMode {
FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_RANDOM,
FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_KEN,
FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_SEED,
FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_NB
};
/**
* Perlin generator context. This needs to be initialized with the
* parameters used to generate the Perlin noise.
*/
typedef struct FFPerlin {
/**
* spatial repeat period, if negative it is ignored
*/
double period;
/**
* total number of components making up the noise, each one with
* doubled frequency
*/
int octaves;
/**
* ratio used to compute the amplitude of the next octave
* component with respect to the previous component
*/
double persistence;
/**
* permutations array used to compute the Perlin noise hash
*/
uint8_t permutations[512];
/**
* define how to compute the permutations array
*/
enum FFPerlinRandomMode random_mode;
/**
* when random_mode is set FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_RANDOM, set random
* seed used to compute the permutations array
*/
unsigned int random_seed;
} FFPerlin;
/**
* Initialize the Perlin noise generator with parameters.
*
* @param perlin Perlin noise generator context
* @param period spatial repeat period, if negative it is ignored
* @param octaves total number of components making up the noise, each one with doubled frequency
* @param persistence define ratio used to compute the amplitude of the next octave
* component with respect to the previous component
* @param random_mode define how to compute the permutations array
* @param random_seed when random_mode is set to FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_RANDOM, set random
* seed used to compute the permutations array
* @return a negative AVERROR code in case of error, a non negative value otherwise
*/
int ff_perlin_init(FFPerlin *perlin, double period, int octaves, double persistence,
enum FFPerlinRandomMode random_mode, unsigned int random_seed);
/**
* Compute Perlin noise given the x, y, z coordinates.
*
* @param perlin Perlin noise generator context
* @return normalized value for the perlin noise, in the range [0, 1]
*/
double ff_perlin_get(FFPerlin *perlin, double x, double y, double z);
#endif /* AVFILTER_PERLIN_H */

169
libavfilter/vsrc_perlin.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
/*
* This file is part of FFmpeg.
*
* FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
/**
* @file
* Perlin noise generator
*/
#include <float.h>
#include "perlin.h"
#include "libavutil/lfg.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "avfilter.h"
#include "internal.h"
#include "formats.h"
#include "video.h"
typedef struct PerlinContext {
const AVClass *class;
int w, h;
AVRational frame_rate;
FFPerlin perlin;
int octaves;
double persistence;
unsigned int random_seed;
enum FFPerlinRandomMode random_mode;
double xscale, yscale, tscale;
uint64_t pts;
} PerlinContext;
#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(PerlinContext, x)
#define FLAGS AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM|AV_OPT_FLAG_FILTERING_PARAM
static const AVOption perlin_options[] = {
{ "size", "set video size", OFFSET(w), AV_OPT_TYPE_IMAGE_SIZE, {.str="320x240"}, 0, 0, FLAGS },
{ "s", "set video size", OFFSET(w), AV_OPT_TYPE_IMAGE_SIZE, {.str="320x240"}, 0, 0, FLAGS },
{ "rate", "set video rate", OFFSET(frame_rate), AV_OPT_TYPE_VIDEO_RATE, {.str="25"}, 0, INT_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "r", "set video rate", OFFSET(frame_rate), AV_OPT_TYPE_VIDEO_RATE, {.str="25"}, 0, INT_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "octaves", "set the number of components to use to generate the noise", OFFSET(octaves), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=1}, 1, INT_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "persistence", "set the octaves persistence", OFFSET(persistence), AV_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE, {.dbl=1}, 0.0, DBL_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "xscale", "set x-scale factor", OFFSET(xscale), AV_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE, {.dbl=1}, 0.0, DBL_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "yscale", "set y-scale factor", OFFSET(yscale), AV_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE, {.dbl=1}, 0.0, DBL_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "tscale", "set t-scale factor", OFFSET(tscale), AV_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE, {.dbl=1}, 0.0, DBL_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "random_mode", "set random mode used to compute initial pattern", OFFSET(random_mode), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64=FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_RANDOM}, 0, FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_NB-1, FLAGS, .unit = "random_mode" },
{ "random", "compute and use random seed", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64=FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_RANDOM}, 0, 0, FLAGS, .unit = "random_mode" },
{ "ken", "use the predefined initial pattern defined by Ken Perlin in the original article", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64=FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_KEN}, 0, 0, FLAGS, .unit = "random_mode" },
{ "seed", "use the value specified by random_seed", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64=FF_PERLIN_RANDOM_MODE_SEED}, 0, 0, FLAGS, .unit="random_mode" },
{ "random_seed", "set the seed for filling the initial pattern", OFFSET(random_seed), AV_OPT_TYPE_UINT, {.i64=0}, 0, UINT_MAX, FLAGS },
{ "seed", "set the seed for filling the initial pattern", OFFSET(random_seed), AV_OPT_TYPE_UINT, {.i64=0}, 0, UINT_MAX, FLAGS },
{ NULL }
};
AVFILTER_DEFINE_CLASS(perlin);
static av_cold int init(AVFilterContext *ctx)
{
PerlinContext *perlin = ctx->priv;
int ret;
if (ret = ff_perlin_init(&perlin->perlin, -1, perlin->octaves, perlin->persistence,
perlin->random_mode, perlin->random_seed)) {
return ret;
}
av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE,
"s:%dx%d r:%d/%d octaves:%d persistence:%f xscale:%f yscale:%f tscale:%f\n",
perlin->w, perlin->h, perlin->frame_rate.num, perlin->frame_rate.den,
perlin->octaves, perlin->persistence,
perlin->xscale, perlin->yscale, perlin->tscale);
return 0;
}
static int config_props(AVFilterLink *outlink)
{
PerlinContext *perlin = outlink->src->priv;
outlink->w = perlin->w;
outlink->h = perlin->h;
outlink->time_base = av_inv_q(perlin->frame_rate);
outlink->frame_rate = perlin->frame_rate;
return 0;
}
static int request_frame(AVFilterLink *outlink)
{
AVFilterContext *ctx = outlink->src;
PerlinContext *perlin = ctx->priv;
AVFrame *picref = ff_get_video_buffer(outlink, perlin->w, perlin->h);
int i, j;
uint8_t *data0, *data;
double x, y, t;
if (!picref)
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
picref->sample_aspect_ratio = (AVRational) {1, 1};
picref->pts = perlin->pts++;
picref->duration = 1;
t = perlin->tscale * (perlin->pts * av_q2d(outlink->time_base));
data0 = picref->data[0];
for (i = 0; i < perlin->h; i++) {
y = perlin->yscale * (double)i / perlin->h;
data = data0;
for (j = 0; j < perlin->w; j++) {
double res;
x = perlin->xscale * (double)j / perlin->w;
res = ff_perlin_get(&perlin->perlin, x, y, t);
av_log(ctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "x:%f y:%f t:%f => %f\n", x, y, t, res);
*data++ = res * 255;
}
data0 += picref->linesize[0];
}
return ff_filter_frame(outlink, picref);
}
static int query_formats(AVFilterContext *ctx)
{
enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[] = { AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE };
return ff_set_common_formats_from_list(ctx, pix_fmts);
}
static const AVFilterPad perlin_outputs[] = {
{
.name = "default",
.type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
.request_frame = request_frame,
.config_props = config_props,
},
};
const AVFilter ff_vsrc_perlin = {
.name = "perlin",
.description = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("Generate Perlin noise"),
.priv_size = sizeof(PerlinContext),
.priv_class = &perlin_class,
.init = init,
.inputs = NULL,
FILTER_OUTPUTS(perlin_outputs),
FILTER_QUERY_FUNC(query_formats),
};