26 KiB
Database
Overview
Database is the database interaction tool provided by NocoBase, it provides very convenient database interaction features for no-code and low-code applications. The supported databases are:
- SQLite 3.8.8+
- MySQL 8.0.17+
- PostgreSQL 10.0+
Connect to Database
In Database constructor, database connection can be configured by passing the options parameter.
const { Database } = require('@nocobase/database');
// SQLite database configuration parameters
const database = new Database({
dialect: 'sqlite',
storage: 'path/to/database.sqlite'
})
// MySQL \ PostgreSQL database configuration parameters
const database = new Database({
dialect: /* 'postgres' or 'mysql' */,
database: 'database',
username: 'username',
password: 'password',
host: 'localhost',
port: 'port'
})
Refer to Constructor for detailed configurations.
Define Data Structure
Database defines database structure through Collection, one Collection object represents one table in the database.
// Define Collection
const UserCollection = database.collection({
name: 'users',
fields: [
{
name: 'name',
type: 'string',
},
{
name: 'age',
type: 'integer',
},
],
});
After the database structure is defined, use sync() method to synchronize the database structure.
await database.sync();
Refer to Collection for detailed usage of Collection.
CRUD Data
Database operates data through Repository.
const UserRepository = UserCollection.repository();
// Create
await UserRepository.create({
name: 'Mark',
age: 18,
});
// Query
const user = await UserRepository.findOne({
filter: {
name: 'Mark',
},
});
// Update
await UserRepository.update({
values: {
age: 20,
},
});
// Delete
await UserRepository.destroy(user.id);
Refer to Repository for details of data CRUD.
Constructor
Signature
constructor(options: DatabaseOptions)
Create a database instance.
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
options.host |
string |
'localhost' |
Database host |
options.port |
number |
- | Database service port, default port depends on the type of database used |
options.username |
string |
- | Database username |
options.password |
string |
- | Database password |
options.database |
string |
- | Database name |
options.dialect |
string |
'mysql' |
Database type |
options.storage? |
string |
':memory:' |
Storage mode for SQLite |
options.logging? |
boolean |
false |
Whether to enable logging |
options.define? |
Object |
{} |
Default table definition parameters |
options.tablePrefix? |
string |
'' |
NocoBase extension, table prefix |
options.migrator? |
UmzugOptions |
{} |
NocoBase extension, parameters for migrator, refer to Umzug for the implementation |
Migration Methods
addMigration()
Add single migration file.
Signature
addMigration(options: MigrationItem)
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
options.name |
string |
- | Name of the migration file |
options.context? |
string |
- | Context of the migration file |
options.migration? |
typeof Migration |
- | Custom type of the migration file |
options.up |
Function |
- | up method of the migration file |
options.down |
Function |
- | down method of the migration file |
Example
db.addMigration({
name: '20220916120411-test-1',
async up() {
const queryInterface = this.context.db.sequelize.getQueryInterface();
await queryInterface.query(/* your migration sqls */);
}
});
addMigrations()
Add the migration files in the specified directory.
Signature
addMigrations(options: AddMigrationsOptions): void
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
options.directory |
string |
'' |
Directory where the migration files are located |
options.extensions |
string[] |
['js', 'ts'] |
File extensions |
options.namespace? |
string |
'' |
Namespace |
options.context? |
Object |
{ db } |
Context of the migration files |
Example
db.addMigrations({
directory: path.resolve(__dirname, './migrations'),
namespace: 'test'
});
Tool Methods
inDialect()
Check whether the current database type is the specified type.
Signature
inDialect(dialect: string[]): boolean
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
dialect |
string[] |
- | Database type, options are mysql, postgres and sqlite |
getTablePrefix()
Get the table name prefix in the configuration.
Signature
getTablePrefix(): string
Data Table Configuration
collection()
Define a data table. This is like the define method of Sequelize, which only creates table structure in memory. Call the sync method if needs to be persisted to the database.
Signature
collection(options: CollectionOptions): Collection
Parameter
All configuration parameters of options is consistent with the constructor of the Collection class, refer to Collection.
Event
'beforeDefineCollection': Trigger before defining the table.'afterDefineCollection': Trigger after defining the table.
Example
db.collection({
name: 'books',
fields: [
{
type: 'string',
name: 'title',
},
{
type: 'float',
name: 'price',
}
]
});
// sync collection as table to db
await db.sync();
getCollection()
Get a defined data table.
Signature
getCollection(name: string): Collection
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
name |
string |
- | Table name |
Example
const collection = db.getCollection('books');
hasCollection()
Check whether a specified data table is defined.
Signature
hasCollection(name: string): boolean
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
name |
string |
- | Table name |
Example
db.collection({ name: 'books' });
db.hasCollection('books'); // true
db.hasCollection('authors'); // false
removeCollection()
Remove a defined data table. It is to remove from memory only, call the sync method if needs to be persisted to the database.
Signature
removeCollection(name: string): void
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
name |
string |
- | Table name |
Event
'beforeRemoveCollection': Trigger before removing the table.'afterRemoveCollection': Trigger after removing the table
Example
db.collection({ name: 'books' });
db.removeCollection('books');
import()
Load all files in the import file directory into memory as the configuration of collection.
Signature
async import(options: { directory: string; extensions?: ImportFileExtension[] }): Promise<Map<string, Collection>>
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
options.directory |
string |
- | Path of directory to be imported |
options.extensions |
string[] |
['ts', 'js'] |
Scan for specific suffixes |
Example
The collection defined by file ./collections/books.ts is as below:
export default {
name: 'books',
fields: [
{
type: 'string',
name: 'title',
}
]
};
Import the relevant configurations when loading the plugin:
class Plugin {
async load() {
await this.app.db.import({
directory: path.resolve(__dirname, './collections'),
});
}
}
Extension Registration and Acquisition
registerFieldTypes()
Register custom field type.
Signature
registerFieldTypes(fieldTypes: MapOf<typeof Field>): void
Parameter
fieldTypes is a key-value pair, where key is the field type name, and value is the field type class.
Example
import { Field } from '@nocobase/database';
class MyField extends Field {
// ...
}
db.registerFieldTypes({
myField: MyField,
});
registerModels()
Register custom data model class.
Signature
registerModels(models: MapOf<ModelStatic<any>>): void
Parameter
models is a key-value pair, where key is the data model name, and value is the data model class.
Example
import { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
class MyModel extends Model {
// ...
}
db.registerModels({
myModel: MyModel,
});
db.collection({
name: 'myCollection',
model: 'myModel'
});
registerRepositories()
Register custom data repository class.
Signature
registerRepositories(repositories: MapOf<RepositoryType>): void
Parameter
repositories is a key-value pair, where key is the data repository name, and value is the data repository class.
Example
import { Repository } from '@nocobase/database';
class MyRepository extends Repository {
// ...
}
db.registerRepositories({
myRepository: MyRepository,
});
db.collection({
name: 'myCollection',
repository: 'myRepository'
});
registerOperators()
Register custom data query operator.
Signature
registerOperators(operators: MapOf<OperatorFunc>)
Parameter
operators is a key-value pair, where key is the operator name, and value is the generating function of the comparison operator statement.
Example
db.registerOperators({
$dateOn(value) {
return {
[Op.and]: [{ [Op.gte]: stringToDate(value) }, { [Op.lt]: getNextDay(value) }],
};
}
});
db.getRepository('books').count({
filter: {
createdAt: {
// registered operator
$dateOn: '2020-01-01',
}
}
});
getModel()
Get the defined data model class. If no custom model class has been registered before, the default model class of Sequelize will be returned. The default name is the same as the name defined by collection.
Signature
getModel(name: string): Model
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
name |
string |
- | Registered model name |
Example
db.registerModels({
books: class MyModel extends Model {}
});
const ModelClass = db.getModel('books');
console.log(ModelClass.prototype instanceof MyModel) // true
Note: The model class retrieved from collection is not strictly equivalent to the model class at registration, but is inherited from the model class at registration. Since the properties of Sequelize's model class are modified during initialization, NocoBase automatically handles this inheritance relationship. All the definitions work fine except that the classes are not equal.
getRepository()
Get the defined data repository class. If no custom data repository class has been registered before, the default data repository class of NocoBase will be returned. The default name is the same as the name defined by collection.
Data repository class is mainly used for the CRUD operations based on data model, refer to Repository.
Signature
getRepository(name: string): RepositorygetRepository(name: string, relationId?: string | number): Repository
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
name |
string |
- | Registered data repository name |
relationId |
string | number |
- | Foreign key value for relational data |
When the name contains relationship in the form of 'tables.relactions', the related data repository class is returned. If the second parameter is provided, the data repository will be used (query, modify, etc.) based on the foreign key values of the relational data.
Example
Suppose there are two data tables posts and authors, and there is a foreign key in the posts table points to the authors table:
const AuthorsRepo = db.getRepository('authors');
const author1 = AuthorsRepo.create({ name: 'author1' });
const PostsRepo = db.getRepository('authors.posts', author1.id);
const post1 = AuthorsRepo.create({ title: 'post1' });
asset(post1.authorId === author1.id); // true
Database Event
on()
Listen for database events.
Signature
on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void | Promise<void>): void
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| event | string | - | Event name |
| listener | Function | - | Event listener |
Event name supports Model event of Sequelize by default. Global event is listened to by the name <sequelize_model_global_event>, single Model event is listened to by the name <model_name>. <sequelize_model_event>.
Refer to the Built-in Events section for parameter descriptions and detailed examples of all built-in event types.
off()
Remove the event listener function.
Signature
off(name: string, listener: Function)
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| name | string | - | Event name |
| listener | Function | - | Event listener |
Example
const listener = async (model, options) => {
console.log(model);
};
db.on('afterCreate', listener);
db.off('afterCreate', listener);
Database Operation
auth()
Database connection verification. It can be used to ensure that the application has established connection to the data.
Signature
auth(options: QueryOptions & { retry?: number } = {}): Promise<boolean>
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
options? |
Object |
- | Verification option |
options.retry? |
number |
10 |
Number of retries in case of verification failure |
options.transaction? |
Transaction |
- | Transaction object |
options.logging? |
boolean | Function |
false |
Whether to print the log |
Example
await db.auth();
reconnect()
Reconnect to the database.
Example
await db.reconnect();
closed()
Check whether database has closed the connection.
Signature
closed(): boolean
close()
Closes database connection. Equivalent to sequelize.close().
sync()
Synchronizes database table structure. Equivalent to sequelize.sync(), refer to Sequelize documentation for parameters.
clean()
Empty the database, it will delete all data tables.
Signature
clean(options: CleanOptions): Promise<void>
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
options.drop |
boolean |
false |
Whether to remove all data tables |
options.skip |
string[] |
- | Names of tables to skip |
options.transaction |
Transaction |
- | Transaction object |
Example
Remove all tables except for the users table.
await db.clean({
drop: true,
skip: ['users']
})
Package-Level Export
defineCollection()
Create the configuration content of a data table.
Signature
defineCollection(name: string, config: CollectionOptions): CollectionOptions
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
collectionOptions |
CollectionOptions |
- | All parameters are the same with db.collection() |
Example
For the data table configuration file to be imported by db.import():
import { defineCollection } from '@nocobase/database';
export default defineCollection({
name: 'users',
fields: [
{
type: 'string',
name: 'name',
},
],
});
extendCollection()
Extent the configuration content of a data table that is already in memory, mainly for the content of files imported by the import() method. This is the top-level package export method of @nocobase/database, and is not called through db instance. The extend alias can also be used.
Signature
extendCollection(collectionOptions: CollectionOptions, mergeOptions?: MergeOptions): ExtendedCollectionOptions
Parameter
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
collectionOptions |
CollectionOptions |
- | All the same with db.collection() |
mergeOptions? |
MergeOptions |
- | deepmerge options of npm package |
Example
Original definition of the table books (books.ts):
export default {
name: 'books',
fields: [
{ name: 'title', type: 'string' }
]
}
Extend the definition of the table books (books.extend.ts):
import { extend } from '@nocobase/database';
// Extend again
export default extend({
name: 'books',
fields: [
{ name: 'price', type: 'number' }
]
});
If the above two files are imported when calling import(), after being extended again by extend(), the table books will have title and price two fields.
This method is especially useful when extending the table structure that is already defined by existing plugin.
Built-in Events
The following events will be triggered in the corresponding lifecycle of database, subscribe by the on() method and perform specific processing to meet some business needs.
'beforeSync' / 'afterSync'
Events triggered before or after a new table structure configuration (fields, indexes, etc.) is synchronized to the database. This is usually triggered when executing collection.sync() (internal call) for the logical processing of the extension of some special fields.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.beforeSync` | 'beforeSync' | `${string}.afterSync` | 'afterSync', listener: SyncListener): this
Type
import type { SyncOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
type SyncListener = (options?: SyncOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
const users = db.collection({
name: 'users',
fields: [
{ type: 'string', name: 'username' }
]
});
db.on('beforeSync', async (options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('users.afterSync', async (options) => {
// do something
});
await users.sync();
'beforeValidate' / 'afterValidate'
Before creating or updating data, there is a validation against the data based on the rules defined by the collection, and the corresponding events are triggered before and after the validation. This is triggered when repository.create() or repository.update() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.beforeValidate` | 'beforeValidate' | `${string}.afterValidate` | 'afterValidate', listener: ValidateListener): this
Type
import type { ValidationOptions } from 'sequelize/types/lib/instance-validator';
import type { HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
type ValidateListener = (model: Model, options?: ValidationOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.collection({
name: 'tests',
fields: [
{
type: 'string',
name: 'email',
validate: {
isEmail: true,
},
}
],
});
// all models
db.on('beforeValidate', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
// tests model
db.on('tests.beforeValidate', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
// all models
db.on('afterValidate', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
// tests model
db.on('tests.afterValidate', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
const repository = db.getRepository('tests');
await repository.create({
values: {
email: 'abc', // checks for email format
},
});
// or
await repository.update({
filterByTk: 1,
values: {
email: 'abc', // checks for email format
},
});
'beforeCreate' / 'afterCreate'
Events triggered before or after creating one piece of data. This is triggered when repository.create() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.beforeCreate` | 'beforeCreate' | `${string}.afterCreate` | 'afterCreate', listener: CreateListener): this
Type
import type { CreateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
export type CreateListener = (model: Model, options?: CreateOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.on('beforeCreate', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('books.afterCreate', async (model, options) => {
const { transaction } = options;
const result = await model.constructor.findByPk(model.id, {
transaction
});
console.log(result);
});
'beforeUpdate' / 'afterUpdate'
Events triggered before or after updating one piece of data. This is triggered when repository.update() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.beforeUpdate` | 'beforeUpdate' | `${string}.afterUpdate` | 'afterUpdate', listener: UpdateListener): this
Type
import type { UpdateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
export type UpdateListener = (model: Model, options?: UpdateOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.on('beforeUpdate', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('books.afterUpdate', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
'beforeSave' / 'afterSave'
Events triggered before or after creating or updating one piece of data. This is triggered when repository.create() or repository.update() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.beforeSave` | 'beforeSave' | `${string}.afterSave` | 'afterSave', listener: SaveListener): this
Type
import type { SaveOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
export type SaveListener = (model: Model, options?: SaveOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.on('beforeSave', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('books.afterSave', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
'beforeDestroy' / 'afterDestroy'
Events triggered before or after deleting one piece of data. This is triggered when repository.destroy() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.beforeDestroy` | 'beforeDestroy' | `${string}.afterDestroy` | 'afterDestroy', listener: DestroyListener): this
Type
import type { DestroyOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
export type DestroyListener = (model: Model, options?: DestroyOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.on('beforeDestroy', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('books.afterDestroy', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
'afterCreateWithAssociations'
Events triggered after creating one piece of data that carries hierarchical data. This is triggered when repository.create() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.afterCreateWithAssociations` | 'afterCreateWithAssociations', listener: CreateWithAssociationsListener): this
Type
import type { CreateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
export type CreateWithAssociationsListener = (model: Model, options?: CreateOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.on('afterCreateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('books.afterCreateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
'afterUpdateWithAssociations'
Events triggered after updating one piece of data that carries hierarchical data. This is triggered when repository.update() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.afterUpdateWithAssociations` | 'afterUpdateWithAssociations', listener: CreateWithAssociationsListener): this
Type
import type { UpdateOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
export type UpdateWithAssociationsListener = (model: Model, options?: UpdateOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.on('afterUpdateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('books.afterUpdateWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
'afterSaveWithAssociations'
Events triggered after creating or updating one piece of data that carries hierarchical data. This is triggered when repository.create() or repository.update() is called.
Signature
on(eventName: `${string}.afterSaveWithAssociations` | 'afterSaveWithAssociations', listener: SaveWithAssociationsListener): this
Type
import type { SaveOptions, HookReturn } from 'sequelize/types';
import type { Model } from '@nocobase/database';
export type SaveWithAssociationsListener = (model: Model, options?: SaveOptions) => HookReturn;
Example
db.on('afterSaveWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
db.on('books.afterSaveWithAssociations', async (model, options) => {
// do something
});
'beforeDefineCollection'
Events triggered before defining a data table, such as when db.collection() is called.
Note: This is a synchronous event.
Signature
on(eventName: 'beforeDefineCollection', listener: BeforeDefineCollectionListener): this
Type
import type { CollectionOptions } from '@nocobase/database';
export type BeforeDefineCollectionListener = (options: CollectionOptions) => void;
Example
db.on('beforeDefineCollection', (options) => {
// do something
});
'afterDefineCollection'
Events triggered after defining a data table, such as when db.collection() is called.
Note: This is a synchronous event.
Signature
on(eventName: 'afterDefineCollection', listener: AfterDefineCollectionListener): this
Type
import type { Collection } from '@nocobase/database';
export type AfterDefineCollectionListener = (options: Collection) => void;
Example
db.on('afterDefineCollection', (collection) => {
// do something
});
'beforeRemoveCollection' / 'afterRemoveCollection'
Events triggered before or after removing a data table from memory, such as when db.removeCollection() is called.
Note: This is a synchronous event.
Signature
on(eventName: 'beforeRemoveCollection' | 'afterRemoveCollection', listener: RemoveCollectionListener): this
Type
import type { Collection } from '@nocobase/database';
export type RemoveCollectionListener = (options: Collection) => void;
Example
db.on('beforeRemoveCollection', (collection) => {
// do something
});
db.on('afterRemoveCollection', (collection) => {
// do something
});